Cytosine base editors with minimized unguided DNA and RNA off-target events and high on-target activity

CRISPR/Cas9 systems have off-target activity with insertions or deletions between target DNA and guide RNA sequences

CRISPR/Cas9 systems are a versatile tool for genome editing due to the highly efficient targeting of DNA sequences complementary to their RNA guide strands. However, it has been shown that RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease cleaves genomic DNA sequences containing mismatches to the guide strand. A better understanding of the CRISPR/Cas9 specificity is needed to minimize off-target cleavage in large mamma...

Comparison of siRNA-induced off-target RNA and protein effects.

The downregulation of many mRNAs has been observed through bioinformatic analysis of microarray results following transfection of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Many of these mRNA changes are due to the interaction of the siRNA guide strand with partially complementary sites and thus are considered "off-target" effects. To examine the mRNA:siRNA interactions important for off-target effects, ...

Study of Long Noncoding RNA FER1L4 and RB1, as Its Competing Endogenous RNA Network Target Gene, in Breast Cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among females, which requires an exploration for markers to propose a more specific categorization of this cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the main subset of noncoding transcripts, are involved in tumorigenic processes. In this study, we investigated the expression of the fer-­1–­like family member 4 (FER...

Target setting in additive models with preferences and interval data

Off-Target Effects: Disturbing the Silence of RNA interference (RNAi)

Figure 1. Small RNA molecules, miRNA and siRNA, regulate mRNA translation through RNA interference (RNAi). Depending on the level of complementarity between the small RNA molecule and mRNA, the mRNA will be silenced (complete) or translationally repressed (partial). siRNA off-targeting effects occur through partial complementarity of the siRNA with unintended mRNA targets. Since the discovery t...